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📏 Fractions to Decimals (Inches)

1/64 — 1/2 Inch
FractionDecimalmm
1/64"0.0156"0.397
1/32"0.0313"0.794
3/64"0.0469"1.191
1/16"0.0625"1.588
5/64"0.0781"1.984
3/32"0.0938"2.381
7/64"0.1094"2.778
1/8"0.1250"3.175
9/64"0.1406"3.572
5/32"0.1563"3.969
11/64"0.1719"4.366
3/16"0.1875"4.763
13/64"0.2031"5.159
7/32"0.2188"5.556
15/64"0.2344"5.953
1/4"0.2500"6.350
17/64 — 1 Inch
FractionDecimalmm
17/64"0.2656"6.747
9/32"0.2813"7.144
19/64"0.2969"7.541
5/16"0.3125"7.938
21/64"0.3281"8.334
11/32"0.3438"8.731
23/64"0.3594"9.128
3/8"0.3750"9.525
25/64"0.3906"9.922
13/32"0.4063"10.319
7/16"0.4375"11.113
15/32"0.4688"11.906
1/2"0.5000"12.700
9/16"0.5625"14.288
5/8"0.6250"15.875
1"1.0000"25.400
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🧮 Key Conversion Formulas

Temperature

°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9
°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32
ISA standard day: 59°F (15°C) at sea level

Torque

N·m = ft·lb × 1.35582
ft·lb = in·lb ÷ 12
Always verify torque spec from AMM

Pressure

bar = PSI × 0.0689476
kPa = PSI × 6.89476
1 atm = 14.696 PSI = 1.01325 bar = 101.325 kPa

Length

mm = inches × 25.4
meters = feet × 0.3048
1" = 25.4 mm exactly

Weight

kg = lb × 0.453592
lb = kg × 2.20462
Fuel: Jet-A ≈ 6.7 lb/US gal (varies with temperature)

Volume / Fuel

liters = US gal × 3.78541
US gal = liters × 0.26417
Avgas ≈ 6.0 lb/US gal | Jet-A ≈ 6.7 lb/US gal

Torque Wrench Extension

TW = (TS × L) ÷ (L + E)
TW = wrench reading | TS = target torque | L = wrench effective length | E = extension length. Measure both from the drive centerline.

Rivet Hole Diameter

Hole = rivet dia. + 0.002" to 0.004"
Per AC 43.13. Minimum edge distance = 2× rivet diameter. Minimum pitch = 3× rivet diameter.
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📌 Numbers Every Aviation Mechanic Should Know

ISA Standard Atmosphere
ParameterSea Level Value
Temperature59°F / 15°C
Pressure14.696 PSI / 29.92" Hg / 1013.25 hPa
Density0.002377 slug/ft³
Speed of Sound661.5 ktas / 340.3 m/s
Lapse Rate−2°C per 1000 ft to 36,089 ft
Tropopause36,089 ft / −56.5°C
Fuel Specific Gravity / Weight
Fuel Typelb/US gallb/liter
Jet-A / Jet-A1~6.7~0.802
JP-8~6.7~0.800
Avgas 100LL~6.0~0.715
Avgas 100~6.0~0.720
Skydrol 500B~8.8~1.054
Water8.341.000
Common Cotter Pin (MS24665) Sizes
Bolt SizeCotter Pin
AN3 / 10-32MS24665-132 (1/32")
AN4 / 1/4-28MS24665-132 or -140 (3/64")
AN5 / 5/16-24MS24665-140 (3/64")
AN6 / 3/8-24MS24665-151 (1/16")
AN7 / 7/16-20MS24665-151 (1/16")
AN8 / 1/2-20MS24665-162 (3/32")
Metric vs. SAE Wrench Equivalents
SAE (in)Metric (mm)Close?
1/4"6 mm0.236" ≈ 1/4"
5/16"8 mm0.315" ≈ 5/16"
3/8"10 mm0.394" ≈ 3/8"
7/16"11 mm0.433" close
1/2"13 mm0.512" ≈ 1/2"
9/16"14 mm0.551" close
5/8"16 mm0.630" ≈ 5/8"
3/4"19 mm0.748" ≈ 3/4"